相變材料(phase change materials)是一種具有特定功能的物質(zhì)，它能在特定溫度(相變溫度)下 發(fā)生物相變化，材料的分子排列在有序與無序之間迅速轉(zhuǎn)變，伴隨吸收或釋放熱能的現(xiàn)象來貯存或放出熱能，進而調(diào)整、控制工作源或材料周圍環(huán)境溫度，以實現(xiàn)其 特定的應(yīng)用功能。目前，隨著世界能源的日趨緊張，相變材料因其自身具有的特殊功能在太陽能利用、工業(yè)廢熱利用、節(jié)能、工程保溫材料、醫(yī)療保健等領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。

       Phase change materials (phase change materials) are substances with specific functions. They can undergo phase change at a specific temperature (phase change temperature). The molecular arrangement of the material changes rapidly between order and disorder, accompanied by absorption Or the phenomenon of releasing heat energy to store or release heat energy, and then adjust and control the working source or the ambient temperature of the material to realize its specific application function. At present, as the world's energy resources are becoming more and more tense, phase change materials have been widely used in solar energy utilization, industrial waste heat utilization, energy saving, engineering insulation materials, medical care and other fields due to their special functions.

      按照相變建材在建筑中的運用形式,即根據(jù)其在建筑中所屬結(jié)構(gòu),相變建筑材料主要有以下用途:以石膏板為基材的相變儲能石膏板,主要做外墻的內(nèi)壁材料(如相變儲能天花板);用保溫隔熱材料為基材來制備高效節(jié)能型建筑圍護結(jié)構(gòu)(如相變儲能墻板);與室內(nèi)地板相結(jié)合,簡化地暖的控制系統(tǒng)(如相變儲能采暖地板)。

     According to the application form of phase change building materials in construction, that is, according to the structure of the building, phase change building materials mainly have the following uses: Phase change energy storage gypsum board with gypsum board as the base material, mainly used as the inner wall material of the external wall (Such as phase change energy storage ceilings); use thermal insulation materials as substrates to prepare high-efficiency and energy-saving building envelopes (such as phase change energy storage wall panels); combine with indoor floors to simplify floor heating control systems (such as phase change energy storage wall panels). Variable energy storage heating floor).

      將普通建材與相變材料制成相變儲能復合材料,能夠減輕建材重量、大大降低房間室溫波動、提高室內(nèi)熱舒適性和節(jié)能保溫性能。今后相變建筑材料的研究將向著高效復合相變材料的方向發(fā)展。隨著高分子技術(shù)的進步,相變復合材料的耐久性和經(jīng)濟性問題也將逐步得到解決,并最終導致其可以廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑節(jié)能領(lǐng)域。與此同時,有關(guān)相變材料對于基材結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力作用及其保溫隔熱性能的測定也將成為新的研究熱點。

       Common building materials and phase change materials are made into phase change energy storage composite materials, which can reduce the weight of building materials, greatly reduce room temperature fluctuations, and improve indoor thermal comfort and energy-saving insulation performance. In the future, the research of phase-change building materials will develop towards the direction of high-efficiency composite phase-change materials. With the advancement of polymer technology, the durability and economic issues of phase change composite materials will gradually be solved, and eventually lead to its wide application in the field of building energy conservation. At the same time, the stress effect of phase change materials on the substrate structure and the measurement of thermal insulation performance will also become a new research hotspot.

      國外由于人們的節(jié)能環(huán)保意識和環(huán)保要求比國內(nèi)要強些，相變材料在建筑上的實際運用也比較廣泛，已形成了一條完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。上游以美國的杜邦、德國的Rubitherm等主導，下游為各種建材生產(chǎn)商和普通用戶。反觀國內(nèi)相變材料的開發(fā)和運用比較晚，在建筑上的運用就更遲一些。但隨著政府對節(jié)能減排的重視和對建筑材料防火等級的提高，相變材料在建筑領(lǐng)域的運用會迎來一個快速發(fā)展期.

       Because people's awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection and environmental protection requirements in foreign countries are stronger than those in China, the actual application of phase change materials in buildings is also relatively extensive, and a complete industrial chain has been formed. The upstream is dominated by DuPont of the United States and Rubitherm of Germany, and the downstream is a variety of building materials manufacturers and ordinary users. In contrast, the development and application of phase change materials in China is relatively late, and the application in architecture is even later. However, with the government's emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction and the improvement of the fire protection rating of building materials, the application of phase change materials in the construction field will usher in a period of rapid development.

      總之,在構(gòu)建節(jié)約型社會和創(chuàng)建環(huán)境文明的宏觀政策下,新型建筑材料將逐步取代能源消耗多、環(huán)境污染大、重質(zhì)建筑材料。隨著高層建筑的發(fā)展,工程上對新型輕質(zhì)建筑維護結(jié)構(gòu)的要求越來越高,對建筑節(jié)能也將日益重視,這些都必將極大地促進相變儲能復合材料的發(fā)展。

      In short, under the macro policy of building a conservation-oriented society and creating an environmental civilization, new building materials will gradually replace heavy building materials with high energy consumption, high environmental pollution and high environmental pollution. With the development of high-rise buildings, the engineering requirements for new lightweight building maintenance structures are getting higher and higher, and building energy conservation will also be paid more and more attention. These will greatly promote the development of phase change energy storage composite materials.